You Searched For: DISCOVER+ECHO

Catalog Number: (BOSSBS-5855R-A488)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: ADAM32 was first discovered in a search for testis-specific proteinases. ADAM32 was identified in human, rat, mouse, macaque and chimp, and thus far has been found only in testis. In mice, ADAM32 is found on the sperm surface, where it may play a role in fertilization. ADAM32 is a member of the ADAMs family (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase), but does not contain the canonical HExxHxxxxH zinc-binding metalloproteinase catalytic site. The domain structure of the full length ADAM32 includes a signal sequence, propeptide domain, metalloproteinase-like domain, disintegrin-like domain, cys-rich domain, EGF-like domain, a short spacer region, then the transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. Like many of the reproductive-specific ADAMS, ADAM32 plays a non-enzymatic role, or (as is the case for ADAMs 1 & 2 (fertilin alpha and beta)), the protein acts in concert with a proteolytically active ADAM to process proteins. Little is known about interactions between ADAM32 and other ADAMs. Several different sequences for human ADAM32 are published; 787, 688, 649, 629, and 279 amino acids in length. The 688 amino acid form is identical to the 787 AA form until the EGF-like domain, and lacks the TM and cytoplasmic domains. The 649 AA form is likewise identical to the longer form, just to the start of the TM domain, and also lacks the TM and cytoplasmic domains. The 629 AA form has a deletion of 107 residues midway into the MP-like domain, and lacks the amino end of the disintegrin domain, but contains the rest of the domains found in the full-length ADAM32. The predicted masses for the different versions are 87.8, 76.9, 72.9, 70.9 and 32.1, respectively, for the 786, 688, 649, 629 and 279 AA forms.

UOM: 1 * 100 µl

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Catalog Number: (PRSIXP-5194)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: IL-6 is reported to be produced by fibroblasts, activated T cells, activated monocytes or macrophages and endothelial cells. It acts upon a variety of cells including fibroblasts, myeloid progenitor cells, T cells, B cells and hepatocytes. In addition, IL-6 appears to interact with IL2 in the proliferation of T lymphocytes. IL-6 potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-3 on multipotential hematopoietic progenitors. IL-6 is a multifunctional 24 kDa protein originally discovered in the medium of RNA stimulated fibroblastoid cells. It is upregulated by IL1, TNF, PDGF, IFN beta, TNF alpha, NGF, IL17 and downregulated by glucocorticoids IL4, TGF beta. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and cellular injury, and it may prove to be as important as IL1 and TNF alpha in regulating the acute phase response. IL6 has also been implicated in regulating adipose mass.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI3091)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: AID Antibody: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was initially discovered as a homolog of the apolipoprotein B RNA-editing cytidine deaminase 1 (APOBEC1) that showed cytidine deaminase properties in stimulated B cell lines. It is necessary for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells, but inappropriate or dysregulated expression AID is often found in tumors and B cell neoplasms. Although it is structurally and functionally similar to the APOBEC proteins, it appears unlikely that AID deaminates dC to dU residues in HIV cDNA as does APOBEC3G.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI38-201)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional 24 kDa protein originally discovered in the medium of RNA stimulated fibroblastoid cells. It is upregulated by IL1, TNF, PDGF, IFN beta, TNF alpha, NGF, IL17 and downregulated by glucocorticoids IL4, TGF beta. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and cellular injury, and it may prove to be as important as IL1 and TNF alpha in regulating the acute phase response. IL-6 has also been implicated in regulating adipose mass.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI33-008)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: Als2Cr2, also called STE20-related kinase adapter protein beta (STRAD beta) and ILPIP, is a serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by the STRADB gene, discovered as an XIAP interacting protein. It is a mediator of the XIAP/TAK1 activation of the JNK1 pathway, an apoptosis inhibition mechanism independent of XIAP inhibition of caspases. Alone, it only moderately activates JNKs, but its interaction with XIAP/TAK1 induces a much stronger activation of JNK1, protecting against Caspase 1- or Fas-induced apoptosis.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI3663)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: TRAF2 Antibody: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAFs) were initially discovered as adaptor proteins that link the TNF receptor superfamily to signaling pathways and are thus important regulators of cell death and cellular response to stress. TRAF proteins share a homology region that allows them to bind to cell receptors and other TRAF proteins, causing the activation of different signal cascades depending on the TRAFs involved. For example, TRAF2 and TRAF3 directly bind to the CD40, a NF receptor superfamily member involved in inducing B cell immunity, and are critical for NF-kappa B activation in mouse B lymphocytes. TRAF2 along with TRAF6 has also been shown to be required for CD40 signaling in nonhemopoietic cells. TRAF2 also interacts with the TRFR superfamily member lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) in association with TRAF3 and the apoptosis inhibitors cIAP1 and Smac.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI5371)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: JMJD1C Antibody: The jumonji domain containing 1C protein (JMJD1C) was initially discovered in silico, and later suggested to be a candidate gene for autism. Like the related proteins JMJD1A and JMJD1B, JMJD1C is a histone H3K9 demethylase implicated in the nuclear hormone receptor-based transcriptional regulation. JMJD1C mRNA is highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells as well as pancreatic islet, diffuse-type gastric cancer, and other tissues and tumors. The JMJD1C gene promoter contain bHLH-, AP-1-, and POU5F1-binding sites, and as preferential expression of POU5F1 has been reported in ES cells, pancreatic islet, and diffuse-type gastric cancer, it has been suggested that POU5F1-mediated expression of JMJD1C reactivates previously silenced genes in ES cells and diffuse-type gastric cancer. At least three isoforms of JMJD1C are known to exist.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI5403)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: SKA2 Antibody: Upon entry into mitosis, the cell's microtubule (MT) network forms the mitotic spindle, allowing the segregation of paired chromosomes. Proteinaceous structures on centromeric chromatin termed kinetochores (KT) are essential for the proper attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle MTs. A recently discovered spindle and kinetochore complex, comprised of proteins SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3, has been found to be required for stable KT-MT interactions and timely anaphase onset. Depletion of either SKA1 or SKA2 by siRNA results in the loss of both proteins from the KT, but does not impact overall KT structure. Cells depleted of the SKA complex undergo a prolonged checkpoint-dependent delay in a metaphase-like state, indicating the importance of the SKA complex in the maintenance of the metaphase plate and spindle checkpoint silencing. SKA2 has also been shown to interact with glucocorticoid receptors and to be involved in glucocorticoid signaling and cell proliferation.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI32-156)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: Fibulin 5(FBLN5), with 448-amino acid protein (about 50 kDa), is a recently discovered multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that mediates endothelial cell adhesion through integrin ligation, regulates cell growth and motility in a context-specific manner, and prevents elastinopathy in vivo. Fibulin-5 is abundantly expressed in great vessels and cardiac valves during embryogenesis, and in many adult tissues including the aorta, lung, uterus and skin, all of which contain abundant elastic fibres. Decreased fibulin-5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic dissection by impairing elastic fiber assembly. Fibulin-5 is also a good marker of skin ageing and that the earlier loss of fibulin-5 may involve age-dependent changes in other elastic fibre components.

UOM: 1 * 100 µl

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Catalog Number: (PRSI3793)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: IL-23 Antibody: Like interleukin-27 (IL-27), IL-23 is a recently discovered member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. It exists as a heterodimer composed of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Its biological activities include enhancing the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha from activated T cells, and can stimulate macrophages to produce TNF-alpha and nitric oxide. It has also been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in mouse models of cancer, suggesting a potential role for IL-23 in therapeutic treatment of cancer.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI2443)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: PID Antibody: The p53 tumor-suppressor gene integrates numerous signals that control cell life and death. Several novel molecules involved in p53 pathway, including Chk2, p53R2, p53AIP1, Noxa, PIDD, and PID/MTA2, were recently discovered. The transcriptional activity of p53 is modulated by protein stability and acetylation. PID/MTA2, also termed MTA1-L1, was found to be a subunit of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NRD/NuRD) complex. PID/MTA2 modulates the enzymatic activity of the histone deacetylase complex and its expression reduces the levels of acetylated p53. Deacetylation of p53 by PID/MTA2 represses p53-dependent transcriptional activation and modulates p53-mediated cell growth arrest and apoptosis. PID/MTA2 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI90-325)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: Betatrophin (RIFL; Lipasin; Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)) is a newly discovered secreted protein of 198 aa that was proposed to promote beta cell proliferation and improve glucose tolerance in mice. Betatrophin may also function in inhibition of lipase activity and on serum triglyceride regulation. Betatrophin is expressed in the liver and in white and brown adipose tissue of mice. In humans, betatrophin is found to be predominantly expressed in the liver. Betatrophin levels are reduced by fasting and are elevated upon insulin resistance and during pregnancy. Betatrophin, according to preliminary data could bind to the macrophage receptor Marco and also to RTN4R, a neuronal receptor. Recently, a study using ANGPTL8 KO mice showed that ANGPTL8/Betatrophin does not play a role in beta cell proliferation nor in glycemic control as previously thought, but regulates plasma triglyceride levels.

UOM: 1 * 10 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI5401)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: SKA1 Antibody: Upon entry into mitosis, the cell's microtubule (MT) network forms the mitotic spindle, allowing the segregation of paired chromosomes. Proteinaceous structures on centromeric chromatin termed kinetochores (KT) are essential for the proper attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle MTs. A recently discovered spindle and kinetochore complex, comprised of proteins SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3, has been found to be required for stable KT-MT interactions and timely anaphase onset. Depletion of either SKA1 or SKA2 by siRNA results in the loss of both proteins from the KT, but does not impact overall KT structure. Cells depleted of the SKA complex undergo a prolonged checkpoint-dependent delay in a metaphase-like state, indicating the importance of the SKA complex in the maintenance of the metaphase plate and spindle checkpoint silencing.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI3745)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: IL-31 Antibody: Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a recently discovered T-cell cytokine closely related to IL-6 type cytokines and is preferentially produced by T helper type 2 cells. IL-31 activity is mediated through the ligand-induced oligomerization of a dimeric receptor complex containing IL-31 receptor A and oncostatin M receptor. In response to IL-31 binding, these proteins activate the JAK/STAT and the AKT signaling pathways. RNA levels of IL-31 receptor A and oncostatin M receptor are induced in activated monocytes but are expressed constitutively in epithelial cells. IL-31, when overexpressed in transgenic mice, results in the development of pruritis, alopecia, and skin lesions and in humans may result in atopic dermatitis, suggesting that IL-31 may represent a novel target for antipruritic drug development.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI5211)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: UCMA Antibody: UCMA is a secreted cartilage-specific protein that was discovered in a screen for differentially expressed genes in retinoic acid-treated mouse chondrocytes. It was also identified in a human chondrocyte EST screen for candidate genes of skeletal dysplasias. UCMA expression is thought to parallel that of collagen II with its expression decreasing with maturation chrondrocytes mature. UCMA is processed by a furin-like protease into two fragments, an amino-terminal fragment and a carboxy-terminal fragment (UCMA-C). Application of recombinant UCMA-C to primary osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts interferes with their osteogenic differentiation, but does not affect expression of chondrocyte-specific genes or chondrocyte proliferation, suggesting that UCMA may be involved in the negative control of osteogenic differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells. At least two isoforms of UCMA are known to exist.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (PRSI3661)

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Description: TRAF2 Antibody: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAFs) were initially discovered as adaptor proteins that link the TNF receptor superfamily to signaling pathways and are thus important regulators of cell death and cellular response to stress. TRAF proteins share a homology region that allows them to bind to cell receptors and other TRAF proteins, causing the activation of different signal cascades depending on the TRAFs involved. For example, TRAF2 and TRAF3 directly bind to the CD40, a TNF receptor superfamily member involved in inducing B cell immunity, and are critical for NF-kappa B activation in mouse B lymphocytes. TRAF2 along with TRAF6 has also been shown to be required for CD40 signaling in nonhemopoietic cells. TRAF2 also interacts with the TRFR superfamily member lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) in association with TRAF3 and the apoptosis inhibitors cIAP1 and Smac.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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