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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Immunomagnetic isolation of untouched human CD4+ T cells.

MSDS

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a cytokine important in type 2 immune responses and is expressed by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) (Pulendran and Artis). IL-13 binds a receptor composed of IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1 or IL-13Ra2 (Wynn 2003). IL-13 receptor is expressed on B cells and promotes B cell proliferation, induces class switching to IgG4 and IgE, and functions in the recruitment and activation of IgE-producing B cells (Hershey). The receptor is also expressed on basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, respiratory epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells (Hershey). Signaling through the IL-13 receptor activates the JAK/STAT and IRS-1/IRS-2 pathways. <i>in vivo</i>, IL-13 has a role in resistance to extracellular helminth parasites by regulating gastrointestinal parasite expulsion, as well as in airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic inflammation, tissue remodeling, tumor cell growth, and fibrosis (Wynn 2015). Secreted IL-13 is a protein consisting of 112 amino acids with a molecular mass of 10 kDa (Hershey). Human IL-13 is not species-specific but has greater activity on human cells compared to mouse cells (Hershey).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Immunomagnetic positive selection of CD90.2+ cells from mouse splenocytes or other tissues.

MSDS

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein growth factor that regulates proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells to mononuclear phagocytic cell lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts. M-CSF is a crucial factor for the development of tissue-resident macrophages in most tissues (Ginhoux and Jung). It is required for the maturation and activation of monocytes and macrophages, and regulates inflammatory responses in conjunction with other stimuli such as IFN-γ, LPS, and IL-4 (Murray <i>et al.</i>). M-CSF is also required for bone resorption by osteoclasts, and is involved in the development and regulation of the placenta, mammary gland, and brain. M-CSF is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells (Chockalingam and Ghosh). M-CSF exerts its biological effects by signaling through a receptor tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R or M-CSF-R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene (Hamilton). CSF-1R shares similar structural features with other growth factor receptors, including the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and Flt3/Flk-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Stimulation of the CSF-1R upon binding to M-CSF activates MAPK, PI3K, and PLCγ signaling pathways (Chockalingam and Ghosh). Human and mouse M-CSF sequences are highly conserved both at nucleotide and amino acid levels (80% homology; DeLamarter <i>et al.</i>).

Catalog Number: (STMC60108)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG2a, kappa isotype control antibody, unconjugated.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF-18) is a growth factor and member of the FGF subfamily. FGF-18 is most similar to FGF-8 and FGF-17, and is secreted in adult lung and developing tissues (Ohbayashi <i>et al.</i>). FGF-18 signals through FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production of articular and growth plate chondrocytes <i>in vivo</i> and in vitro (Davidson <i>et al.</i>). FGF-18 has skeletal functions and protects articular cartilage by gene expression profiling and regulates proliferation and differentiation of midline cerebellar structures (Mori <i>et al.</i>). Also, recombinant human FGF-18 has been shown to effectively regulate hair growth (Song <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide bridge stabilized polypeptide chains, A and B, which are assembled as heterodimers (PDGF-AB) or homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Westermark and Heldin). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src and PI3K/AKT (Kim <i>et al.</i>). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin- like fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Sachinidis <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-BB is secreted by osteoblasts to induce mesenchymal stem cell migration and angiogenesis. It has also been shown that PDGF-BB is secreted by preosteoclasts during bone modeling and remodeling to induce angiogenesis and thus proper osteogenesis (Xie <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Interleukin 9 (IL-9) has pleiotropic functions in the immune system and signals through its specific IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (Renauld <i>et al.</i>). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway mainly targets the downstream activation of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and subsequent phosphorylation cascades initiated by multiple kinases including IRS–PI3K–PKB (insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases, protein kinase-B) and ERK (Knoops and Renauld; Fontaine <i>et al.</i>). IL-9 has been shown to have a role in Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation and in regulatory T cell responses (Singh <i>et al.</i>; Goswami and Kaplan). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway represents a novel endogenous anti-apoptotic mechanism for cortical neurons (Fontaine <i>et al.</i>). IL-9 secreting T cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and have been shown to have a role in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease (Kaplan <i>et al.</i>).

Catalog Number: (STMC60108FI)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG2a, kappa isotype control antibody, FITC-conjugated.

UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor and a member of the tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily. The GDNF family of growth factors also includes neurturin, persephin, and artemin, which have seven conserved cysteine residues called cysteine-knots (Treanor <i>et al.</i>). GDNF family ligands signal through binding to specific GDNF-family receptor-α (GFRα) co-receptors and activate the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (Durbec <i>et al.</i>). Four different forms of GFRα co-receptors have been characterized (GFRα 1-4); GDNF binds specifically to GFRα1 prior to forming a complex with RET (Airaksinen and Saarma). GDNF is known to promote survival and morphological differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in both <i>in vivo</i> and in vitro studies and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake (Granholm <i>et al.</i>; Lin <i>et al.</i>). GDNF has also been shown to have restorative effects on dying dopaminergic neurons in response to degenerative toxins (Aoi <i>et al.</i>). GDNF, together with Human Recombinant BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), BrainPhys™ Neuronal Medium, and other supplements, can be used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into neurons (Bardy <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro by stimulating anti-tumor immunosuppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová andamp; Hosek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is the founding member of the family of cytokines that includes Interleukin 17B through Interleukin 17F. It is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in defense against pathogens. IL-17A and IL-17F signal as homodimers or heterodimers through the same receptor, and activate NF-kB, MAPK, and C/EBP pathways (Gaffen). IL-17A receptor is expressed on a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic cell compartments. IL-17A is produced by T helper 17 cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, B cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs; Zenobia and amp; Hajishengallis; Mojsilovic <i>et al.</i>). IL-17A receptor is expressed at particularly high levels on stromal cells, including MSCs. IL-17A increases the frequency and the average size of colony-forming units-fibroblast derived from bone marrow, as well as the proliferation of bone marrow-derived MSCs. IL-17A suppresses osteogenic differentiation and bone formation of bone marrow-derived MSCs. The action of IL-17A on hematopoiesis is deeply reliant on the microenvironment and the induction of other regulators. In healthy mouse bone marrow, IL-17A stimulates myeloid and early stage erythroid progenitor cells but inhibits late stage erythroid progenitor cells (Mojsilovic <i>et al.</i>).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody against human CD56 (NCAM), PE­conjugated.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody against human, chimpanzee, common marmoset CD45RO, PE-conjugated.

Catalog Number: (STMC60006)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: Rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody against mouse CD19, unconjugated.

UOM: 1 * 500 µG

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Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Description: For inhibition of trypsin activity.